Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is a viral disease that mainly affects children under the age of five. It spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. Polio can cause lifelong paralysis, breathing difficulties, and in severe cases, even death. The good news is that polio vaccination offers strong protection and is the most effective way to prevent the disease.
What is Polio Vaccination?
Polio vaccination helps the body build immunity against the poliovirus. Two types of vaccines are used worldwide:
- Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV):
- Given as oral drops.
- Strengthens immunity in the intestines, blocking virus transmission.
- Easy to administer during mass campaigns.
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV):
- Given as an injection.
- Builds strong immunity in the blood.
- Used in routine immunization schedules.
Both OPV and IPV are safe, effective, and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Why is Polio Vaccination Important?
- No cure, only prevention: Polio cannot be treated, but it can be prevented through vaccination.
- Protects against paralysis: Ensures children are safe from lifelong disability.
- Community protection (herd immunity): Widespread vaccination helps stop the virus from spreading in the community.
- Supports eradication efforts: Thanks to vaccination programs, polio cases worldwide have decreased by over 99%.
Polio Vaccine Schedule for Children
- At birth or soon after: First dose of OPV.
- Routine immunization: Multiple doses of OPV and at least one IPV dose at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
- Booster doses: Additional doses during childhood for long-term protection.
Parents must ensure their child completes the vaccination schedule to remain fully protected.
Other Ways to Prevent Polio
In addition to vaccination:
- Maintain proper hygiene (handwashing and clean drinking water).
- Avoid open defecation and ensure safe sanitation practices.
- Support national polio immunization drives to protect every child.
Final Thoughts
Polio is a preventable disease, and vaccination is the only shield against it. Parents and caregivers should prioritize timely vaccination for their children to safeguard them against this life-threatening virus. With continued efforts, community support, and strong vaccination programs, we can achieve the goal of a world free from polio.
