Rabies is one of the most feared viral infections in the world. It is caused by the rabies virus and primarily spreads through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, especially dogs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), rabies is almost 100% fatal once symptoms appear, but it is also 100% preventable with timely vaccination. Understanding the disease, its symptoms, and the importance of the anti-rabies vaccine is crucial for public health.
What is Rabies?
Rabies is a viral infection affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It leads to brain inflammation, paralysis, and eventually death if left untreated. The virus spreads through saliva when an infected animal bites, licks broken skin, or scratches a person.
Symptoms of Rabies
Rabies symptoms may appear weeks to months after exposure, depending on the site of the bite and viral load. The disease progresses in stages:
Early Symptoms (1–7 days):
- Fever, headache, and weakness
- Pain or tingling at the bite site
- Fatigue and anxiety
Progressive Symptoms:
- Hydrophobia (fear of water due to painful throat spasms)
- Aerophobia (fear of air movement)
- Hallucinations, confusion, or agitation
- Paralysis and seizures
Once these symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal.
Importance of Anti-Rabies Vaccine
The anti-rabies vaccine is the most effective way to prevent rabies after exposure. It works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
When to Get the Vaccine?
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Given immediately after a dog bite or suspected exposure.
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Recommended for veterinarians, animal handlers, and people in high-risk areas.
Anti-Rabies Vaccine Schedule (Post-Exposure)
- Immediate wound care: Wash the bite area thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes.
- Vaccine doses: Typically given on Day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28.
- Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG): For severe bites, RIG is given along with the vaccine for extra protection.
How to Prevent Rabies
- Vaccinate pet dogs and cats regularly.
- Avoid contact with stray or wild animals.
- Educate children about safe behavior around animals.
- Seek immediate medical care after any bite or scratch.
Public Health Message
Rabies is a preventable disease. No one should die from rabies if proper wound care and vaccination are given on time. The anti-rabies vaccine saves lives and must be made accessible to all, especially in areas where dog bites are common.
Conclusion
Rabies remains a serious public health threat, particularly in Asia and Africa, but it is entirely preventable. Timely use of the anti-rabies vaccine and raising awareness can help eliminate human deaths caused by rabies. Protect yourself, your family, and your community by taking immediate action after animal bites and ensuring vaccination.
